What Is a VA Disability Rating and How Is It Calculated?

The VA assigns a rating to each service-connected condition based on the schedule of ratings in 38 CFR Part 4. Each diagnostic code has criteria that translate the severity of the condition into a percentage. A 0% rating means the condition is service-connected but not currently disabling enough to warrant compensation, while higher percentages reflect more significant impairment.

When a veteran has more than one service-connected condition, the VA does not simply add the ratings. Instead, it uses a combined ratings table that reflects the principle that each new disability is rated against the veteran's remaining unimpaired capacity. This is why two 50% conditions combine to 75% (rounded to 80%) rather than 100%.

Beyond the schedular percentage, additional benefits may apply. Special Monthly Compensation (SMC) provides higher payments for severe disabilities such as loss of use of a limb. Total Disability based on Individual Unemployability (TDIU) pays at the 100% rate when a veteran cannot maintain substantially gainful employment due to service-connected conditions, even if the schedular rating is below 100%.

Ratings can change. The VA may propose a reduction if it believes a condition has improved, subject to procedural protections. Veterans can also seek an increased rating if a condition has worsened.